PSAT vs SAT: Key Differences

Purpose of the Tests

The PSAT (Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) is designed as a practice tool for the SAT and as a qualifying exam for the National Merit Scholarship Program. The SAT is a standardized college admissions test accepted by colleges and universities across the United States.

• PSAT: Practice + scholarship eligibility (11th grade only)
• SAT: Used for college admissions and scholarship qualification

Test Structure Comparison

Both tests include similar sections: Evidence-Based Reading, Writing and Language, and Math. However, the SAT includes an optional Essay (which is now phased out in most administrations), while the PSAT never included it.

Scoring Differences

Another major distinction is how the tests are scored:

• PSAT: 320–1520 total score
• SAT: 400–1600 total score

The PSAT does not include the highest-level SAT questions, so its score range is slightly lower. PSAT scores are not sent to colleges, but SAT scores can impact admissions and scholarships.

Difficulty Level

The SAT is more challenging than the PSAT. While the question types are very similar, the SAT includes slightly harder vocabulary, more complex math problems, and a longer test duration. It’s designed to assess college readiness more rigorously.

Test Administration

Both exams are administered by the College Board, but:

• PSAT: Typically offered once a year in October
• SAT: Offered several times a year, usually on Saturdays

PSAT is often taken in school, while SAT requires registration and is taken at official test centers.

Costs

Cost is another factor that sets the two apart:

• PSAT: Often free through your school, or around $18 if paid out of pocket
• SAT: $60 (as of 2025), though fee waivers are available for eligible students

National Merit Scholarship Eligibility

Only the PSAT/NMSQT taken in 11th grade qualifies you for the National Merit Scholarship Program. High scorers may advance to semifinalist and finalist status, potentially earning significant scholarships. The SAT is not used to qualify for National Merit, but it may be used to confirm finalist standing.

Why Take Both?

Taking both tests makes sense for most college-bound students:

• The PSAT serves as a warm-up for the SAT.
• Early PSAT scores help you pinpoint weaknesses.
• High PSAT scores may open doors to scholarships and honors programs.
• SAT scores are often required for college applications, especially if you plan to apply to selective institutions.

Digital Format Update

Starting in 2023 for international students and 2024 for U.S. students, both the SAT and PSAT are transitioning to digital-only formats. The structure and content remain largely the same, but the test is administered via computer with adaptive technology for personalized difficulty levels.

Which Test Should You Prioritize?

If you're a sophomore or junior, the PSAT should be on your radar as a practice opportunity. If you're a junior or senior focused on college applications, the SAT (or ACT) will be your priority.

Summary Table: PSAT vs SAT

Conclusion

Both the PSAT and SAT are valuable components of the college readiness journey. Use the PSAT as a diagnostic tool and scholarship opportunity, and build on that momentum with focused SAT prep to strengthen your college applications.